operational BIOMATERIALSINTRODUCTIONNATURAL MATERIALSENGINEERED MATERIALSCONCLUSION19. Bands TO PROMOTE TISSUE REGENERATIONBACKGROUNDSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTBIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTCONCLUSIONSACKNOWLEDGMENTS20. BIOELECTRICITY AND ITS MEASUREMENTINTRODUCTIONTHE NATURE OF BIOELECTRICITYACTION EVENTS OF NERVEVOLUME CONDUCTOR PROPAGATIONDETECTION OF BIOELECTRIC EVENTSELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE PROBLEMS IN BIOPOTENTIAL MEASUREMENTBIOPOTENTIAL INTERPRETATIONACKNOWLEDGMENT21. hazy fundamental inputs OF SIGNALS AND NOISESPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF DETERMINISTIC AND STATIONARY RANDOM SIGNALSSPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF NONSTATIONARY SIGNALSPRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSISCROSS-CORRELATION AND COHERENCE ANALYSISCHAOTIC SIGNALS AND FRACTAL PROCESSES22. alive SIGNAL PROCESSINGINTRODUCTIONGRAPH REPRESENTATION OF SIGNALSOPTIMAL CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMEXAMPLESCONCLUSION AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONSACKNOWLEDGMENT23. BIOSENSORSINTRODUCTIONBIOLOGICAL SENSING MECHANISMSTRANSDUCTION METHODSMANUFACTURE OF BIOSENSORSAPPLICATIONSCONCLUDING REMARKS24.